GNU Free Documentation License
(as written in Wikimedia Commons)
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual,
textbook, or other functional and useful document "free"
in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom
to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves
for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work,
while not being considered responsible for modifications made
by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft",
which means that derivative works of the document must themselves
be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public
License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use
it for manuals for free software, because free software needs
free documentation: a free program should come with manuals
providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally
for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work,
in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright
holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this
License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license,
unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
and is addressed as "you". You accept the license
if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring
permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document
means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either
copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix
or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively
with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document
to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and
contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics,
a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship
could be a matter of historical connection with the subject
or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
ethical or political position regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain
Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those
of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document
is released under this License. If a section does not fit the
above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated
as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.
If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short
passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover
Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released
under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words,
and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document
means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that is suitable
for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text
editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and
that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial
amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is
called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies
include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX
input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats
include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing
tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed
book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are
needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires
to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not
have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the
text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named
subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ
or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates
XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you
modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled
XYZ" according to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers
next to the notice which states that this License applies to
the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be
included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming
warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any
medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that
this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice
saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in
all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever
to those of this License. You may not use technical measures
to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation
in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number
of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media
that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering
more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover
Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly
and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the
front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers
must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher
of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You
may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too
voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed
(as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue
the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of
the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include
a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy,
or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location
from which the general network-using public has access to download
using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when
you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
stated location until at least one year after the last time
you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents
or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact
the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with
an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version
of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above,
provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely
this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of
the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
you must do these things in the Modified Version:
* A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers,
if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from
those of previous versions (which should, if there were any,
be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use
the same title as a previous version if the original publisher
of that version gives permission.
* B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons
or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications
in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors,
if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this
requirement.
* C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
* D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
* E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
* F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.
* G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
notice.
* H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
* I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve
its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title,
year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as
given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History"
in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then
add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
previous sentence.
* J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
published at least four years before the Document itself, or
if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives
permission.
* K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
"Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section,
and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each
of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
therein.
* L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
are not considered part of the section titles.
* M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such
a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
* N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
* O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter
sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and
contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must
be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements",
provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified
Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer
review or that the text has been approved by an organization
as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a
Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover
Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by
the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add
another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission
from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document
do not by this License give permission to use their names for
publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified
Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents
released under this License, under the terms defined in section
4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in
the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the
original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of
this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may
be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it,
in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher
of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections
Entitled "History" in the various original documents,
forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine
any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all
sections Entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document
and other documents released under this License, and replace
the individual copies of this License in the various documents
with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided
that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a
collection, and distribute it individually under this License,
provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted
document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding
verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives
with other separate and independent documents or works, in or
on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation
is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is
included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative
works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is
applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document
is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's
Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification,
so you may distribute translations of the Document under the
terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations
requires special permission from their copyright holders, but
you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections
in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
You may include a translation of this License, and all the license
notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
that you also include the original English version of this License
and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers.
In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original
version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original
version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement
(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically
require changing the actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
the Document except as expressly provided for under this License.
Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new,
revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from
time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to
the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that specified version or of any later
version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published
(not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written,
include a copy of the License in the document and put the following
copyright and license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts
and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts."
line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR
TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts,
or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives
to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples
of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel
under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU
General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
———————————————
Regarding above Roger Ebert picture:
GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
